Eating disorders (EDs)

Anorexia nervosa

Severe food restriction, intense fear of gaining weight and distorted body image. Signs: rapid weight loss, meal avoidance, calorie preoccupation, fatigue and social isolation. Risks: severe nutrient deficiencies, hormonal and menstrual disturbances, osteoporosis, cardiac complications. Nutrition role: gradual refeeding with balanced meals, compassionate food education and multidisciplinary follow-up.

Bulimia nervosa

Episodes of overeating followed by compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise). Signs: consuming large amounts in short time, guilt, rapid weight fluctuations. Risks: digestive and esophageal issues, nutrient deficiencies, dental and electrolyte problems. Nutrition role: meal regularity, personalized plans to reduce binges and close work with psychological support.

Binge eating disorder

• Overeating episodes without compensatory behaviors, often tied to emotional distress and guilt
• Signs: eating large amounts rapidly, loss of control, isolation during episodes
• Risks: overweight, diabetes, hypertension and psychological issues
• Nutrition role: relearning hunger/fullness cues, encouraging balanced regular meals and psychological support

Orthorexia

Obsession with food ‘purity’ and perceived quality leading to excessive restriction and social isolation. Signs: obsessive label reading and systematic refusal of ‘impure’ foods. Risks: nutrient deficiencies, fatigue and social impact. Nutrition role: education on dietary variety, gradual reintroduction and multidisciplinary follow-up.

Pica

Persistent consumption of non-food items (soil, paper, starch) for at least one month. Can occur in children, adults or pregnant women. Risks: intestinal obstruction, toxicity, infections. Nutrition role: identify nutritional deficits that may trigger the behavior, provide nutrient-rich plans and medical supervision.

EDNOS / Unspecified EDs

• Eating disorders that do not fit classic categories but impact health: irregular or atypical eating behaviors and rigid food rules
• Nutrition role: individualized assessment, tailored eating plans and multidisciplinary care

Conclusion

EDs affect all ages; early and multidisciplinary approaches are essential. If you suspect an ED, seek a consultation with a specialized dietitian and a psychologist for personalized, compassionate care.

Scientific references

• WHO – Adolescent Nutrition & Eating Disorders
• American Academy of Pediatrics – Eating Disorders
• National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)
• Journal of Adolescent Health – Nutrition & Eating Disorders